Changing how a building or land is used can require planning permission in England even if you do not alter its appearance. Start by establishing the existing lawful use and describing the proposed activity precisely.
Does every change of use require an application?
A material change of use requires planning permission. Moving between uses within the same use class will generally not constitute development, but restrictions and conditions still need checking. Some changes between classes have permitted development routes, sometimes requiring prior approval.
The government's guidance on when permission is required explains use classes, material changes and mixed uses. The assessment concerns the actual use, not simply what an estate agent calls the premises.
What should you record about the existing use?
Find the council's application register and gather decision notices, approved plans and any lawful development certificates. Note the activities carried out, when they started and which parts of the property they occupy.
For the proposed use, describe opening hours, staff, visitors, deliveries, equipment and any residential accommodation. A label such as “studio” could describe several very different activities. A short operational description helps avoid assessing the wrong proposal.
Where the property has several uses, mark them on a floor plan. Explain which activities support the main use and which would operate independently. Keep gaps in the property's history visible so the assessment can identify the evidence still needed.
Is prior approval the same as full planning permission?
Prior approval is a procedure attached to particular permitted development rights. It concerns matters specified by that right; it is not a general alternative available for every conversion. Eligibility, restrictions and the required procedure must all be checked before relying on it.
Our permitted development guide explains the distinction. Do not assume that commercial conversions use the same rules as a domestic extension, or that permission for a change of use automatically settles every proposed external alteration.
Can a certificate confirm the position?
A lawful development certificate is relevant where you need formal confirmation that an existing or proposed use is lawful. It does not replace a planning application for a proposal that needs permission. See the government's certificate guidance.
What is the next step?
Start with the property address and describe both the current and proposed use. For a new dwelling, also read the new home planning guide.
Commercial conversions and development projects require an agreed scope and fee. Do not assume the standard homeowner package applies. Check building regulations requirements separately, and include any physical alterations in the project brief from the outset.